Origins of Albanian language and ethnos

[Epirot]

Edith Durham was an Albanophile who spent most of her travels through the Balkans in Albania.

Taking in account some Albanian possibilities regarding some etymologies does not make anyone an Albanophile!

[Epirot]

Where is that place?

Kastrat is close to the Albanian-Montengrin boundary.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastrat

[Epirot]

An another etymology that calls for some attention is the name of Pelagonia. If this ancient name is a pre-Illyrian name (i.e Paeonian one) then it has a cognate word in Albanian which fits to the geographical nature of Pelagonia as a land of waters. Pelagonia can be related with Alb. 'pellg' (or pellgje in plural) that means "pool, puddle, backwater":

http://www.argjiro.net/fjalor/index.php3

You know that Pelagonia encompassed a region that was full of lakes and rivers.

Lakes:

- Lake of Ohrid
- Lakes of Prespa
- Lake "Orestiada" (Λίμνη Ορεστιάδα)

Rivers:

-Haliacmon
etc.

[Epirot]

I am positive that pears were/are also grown outside of historical Dardania, speaking of which, were Krushevo and Korche in Dardania?

For some period Korēa's plain was under Dardanian domination as many archeological findings had indicated (see Nicholas Hammond). Dardanians took possession of Lake Lyhnid and regions around itand possibly left some traces. I find as an interesting case some survival toponymes in Korēa like the name of a small village called Dardhė.

More about it geographical location:

KORĒĖ: Grammos Mountains (Mali i Grammozit), ca 3.8 km southwest of village Dardhė, northern slope of Mount.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Epirus_ethnic_(Greek_point_of_view).JPG

How would you use the word 'delme' in a sentence today? From what I can see, the Albanian word for sheep is either 'dhen' or 'dele'.

You're right about two words that are used in Albanian to denote a 'sheep'. We usually use 'dhen' when we talks about sheeps (in plural) and 'dele' (in singular) or 'delet' in plural.

In Macedonian 'shar' means stripes or marks, it can also mean colourful if said as 'sharen'. This can be connected to rugged-looking terrain. How would you use 'sharre' in a sentence today?

It looks interesting that in both two languages the cognate words for Sharr mountain are connected somehow with its rugged relief. Now I remind that it is even an another similar world in Albanian with 'Sharr' as its root. We use for instance 'Sharroj' to say 'fell down'. An example:
Sharrova thellė nė njė pellg uji
I fell down deep in a puddle of water.

"Sharroj" is just a homonym with 'Sharroj' that mean /to cut down a tree/.

[Soldier of Macedon]

When Albanians migrated into Italy, they were known also with their second surname: Mazreku. An another variant, is that they came from a highland region, Kastriot.

Where is that place?

[Soldier of Macedon]

Edith Durham based his etymology (Dardania = Dardhė) in pears that are grown mostly in territories from Nish up to the Korēa valley, that corresponds roughly with the old Dardanian territory. She took as a witness of his proposition the pre-names of some Slavic cities like: Krushevac in Serbia (Krushko mean 'Pear') and even the name of Krushevo. She concluded that these names were nothing else but Slavic translation from original roots related with Dard (Dardhė).

Edith Durham was an Albanophile who spent most of her travels through the Balkans in Albania. She was not a linguist, and she bases her theory on that of J.G von Hahn, a philologist who became obsessed with all things Albanian. He was the first person to really elaborate on the proposition of the Albanians' supposed Illyrian 'origin'. I am positive that pears were/are also grown outside of historical Dardania, speaking of which, were Krushevo and Korche in Dardania?

With regard to Dalmatia, your example is more interesting, particularly two of the quotes that spoke of cattle in addition to sheep. The word for the young of cattle (calves) in Macedonian is 'tele' and the equivalent in Latvian, which belongs to the greater Balto-Slavic family, it is 'teļiem'. How would you use the word 'delme' in a sentence today? From what I can see, the Albanian word for sheep is either 'dhen' or 'dele'.

The contemporary name of 'Sharr' is the same in Albanian (Sharr that is related with Sharrė). Probably it is just an evolution of Scardus that means 'saw' or something that is very sharp

In Macedonian 'shar' means stripes or marks, it can also mean colourful if said as 'sharen'. This can be connected to rugged-looking terrain. How would you use 'sharre' in a sentence today?

[slovenec zrinski]

I simply do not believe you about this. According to the census in 1951 serbs constituted slightly above 50% of the population. Yugoslavs constituted 27% and turks 22%. I think you are doing the "greek thing" here in that you automatically consider moslems albanians like the greeks considered greek orthodox people in Macedonia to be greeks by ethnicity.

[Epirot]

According to the latest census they are 90% bosniaks in the city of Novi Pazar...are you suggesting they are all bosnizised albanians? How did they become bosnizised and when?

Mostly after WWII when were closed Albanian schools and were left only mosques with Bosniak clerics. Sandjak people still maintain good relationship with Albanians.

[slovenec zrinski]

According to the latest census they are 90% bosniaks in the city of Novi Pazar...are you suggesting they are all bosnizised albanians? How did they become bosnizised and when?

[Epirot]

They are bosnians and not albanians in Novi Pazar...

There are Bosnized Albanians in Novi Pazar. A friend of mine has his relatives in Novi Pazar and they spoke fluently Albanian as their native language.

[Epirot]

How do you propose the surname Kastriot came about?

I'll try to translate a text that may answer to your specific question:

Pėr herė tė parė pėrmendet njė Kastriot nė vitin 1368 si kėshtjellar i Kaninės. Ka studjues qė shohin te ky kėshtjellar njė paraardhės tė Kastriotėve tė mėvonshėm, qė ėshtė dėbuar nga pronat e veta. Njė mendim i tillė duhet pranuar si supozim, sepse nuk ka lidhje me tė dhėnat pėr Kastriotėt qė japin mė pas burimet historike. Prej disa familjeve shqiptare, qė emigruan nė Itali, Kastriotėt njihen edhe me njė mbiemėr tė dytė: Mazreku. Njė variant tjetėr ėshtė se ato vijnė nga zonat e Malėsisė, Kastrati.

For the first time a Kastriot is recorded in 1368 in the castle of Kanina. Some scholars consider him as an ancestor of Kastrioti's family, who was expelled from his properties. But this opinion should be accepted just as an assumption because it has any link with the later data in historical sources about Kastrioti's tribe. When Albanians migrated into Italy, they were known also with their second surname: Mazreku. An another variant, is that they came from a highland region, Kastriot.

if there is a link to his complete works, please share it, as I would like to verify the quote to ensure that it is not a manipulation

Here you have it:

http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts16-18/AH1774.html

[slovenec zrinski]

They are bosnians and not albanians in Novi Pazar...

And btw..good work on this thread SoM.

[Epirot]

That is hard to confirm, and if it is accepted as a possibility, then so too must other suggestions, such as dardania meaning 'gift' or 'given gift'.

Since I am not linguist I cannot reject your suggestion but it seems that has not any echo in proposal etymologies about Dardania's meaning. Edith Durham based his etymology (Dardania = Dardhė) in pears that are grown mostly in territories from Nish up to the Korēa valley, that corresponds roughly with the old Dardanian territory. She took as a witness of his proposition the pre-names of some Slavic cities like: Krushevac in Serbia (Krushko mean 'Pear') and even the name of Krushevo. She concluded that these names were nothing else but Slavic translation from original roots related with Dard (Dardhė).

Is Dalmatia historically known as a place where flocks of sheep are bred? How has this conclusion been reached?

Exactly for first hand sources:

...and also Dalmium (whence the name of the tribe), which was once a large city, but because of the greed of the people Nasica reduced it to a small city and made the plain a mere sheep-pasture.

STRABO GEOGRAPHY Book VII, Chapter 5

Other fertilisers originated from the dung of the cattle and sheep arriving by ship from Dalmatia, which were landed on the Lido, where they could pasture

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15307245

In 1851 the number of the most important livestock were 21,997 horses, 84,139 head of cattle, 22,660 mules and donkeys, 621,805 sheep, 399,443 goats and 30,409 hogs. Fishery along the coast, especially for anchovis, mackerels and tuna, is very important and produces a good surplus. The land is poor in mineral products, the most important being lignite, asphalt, limestone and marble quarries. Industry, except for shipbuilding, is n a very low level. The most important import articles are grain, flour, cotton and woollen textiles, sail cloth, silk, cattle and tobacco; export articles are olive oil, fish, wine, sheeps dung, skins and hides, tallow, perfumes, horn and dyestuffs.

http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/balkans/dalmenc19.html

"Delmatia: delme,dele (sheep)"

Dalmatia or Delmatia, which is of Arnautic origin, is "land of shepherds" (delminium — pasture for sheep).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04606b.htm

You mean Shar Planina? What does Shar mean in Albanian?

The contemporary name of 'Sharr' is the same in Albanian (Sharr that is related with Sharrė). Probably it is just an evolution of Scardus that means 'saw' or something that is very sharp:



The morphological terrain is often rugged or sharp tops.

How do you know what Troy meant? Is it recorded anywhere?

It just an etymology, SoM!

[Soldier of Macedon]

I just pointed out that those Slavic invasions touched less Albania because of its geographical position as being the most mountainous region in all Balkans.

Epirot, a significant proportion of placenames in Albania have Macedonian and/or Serbian origins, there is no doubt that the region came under the heavy influence of Slavic-speaking groups.

Any evidence about his father lineage coming from Kostur? Interestingly, his best biographer (Marin Barleti) never mention any indication of Kostur!

How do you propose the surname Kastriot came about?

I would now like to turn to the actual history of the Albanians and of the country they inhabit. They are the descendents of the ancient Illyrians, whereas their neighbours, the Vlachs, whose ancient history I will deal with later, are the children of the Thracians. I will try to prove these statements as best I can.

1774
Johann Thunmann:
On the History and Language of the Albanians and Vlachs

That's more like it, a pre 1800's reference to Albanians as Illyrians, this is the type of source material you need to produce, the earlier the period, the more solid your assertion. I have never read Johann Thunmann's works, so I am taking it at face value here, if there is a link to his complete works, please share it, as I would like to verify the quote to ensure that it is not a manipulation as the Wilkes quote(s) you previously supplied.

[Soldier of Macedon]

Illyrian geographical toponymes:

Ok, now we are getting more to the specifics.

1. Ulcinium= Ulk (Ujk) that means 'volf'.

Volk in Macedonian, Vuk in Serbian, it's an IE cognate, in Proto Balto-Slavic it would probably be W'lk or Wulk, bringing it within closer proximity to Illyrian, both phonologically and time-wise.

2. Dardania = 'Pear land' (Dard = Dardhė (pear); An=anė (side);

That is hard to confirm, and if it is accepted as a possibility, then so too must other suggestions, such as dardania meaning 'gift' or 'given gift'.

3. Dalmatia = Delme that means 'flock of sheeps'

Is Dalmatia historically known as a place where flocks of sheep are bred? How has this conclusion been reached?

4. Parthia is transparently equal with Alb. 'Bardh' means 'White'

But also equal with PIE Bardhe, which means 'beard'. How can we be sure which one is related?

5. Scardus = Sharrė that fits perfectly to the rugged relief of Scardus hills.

You mean Shar Planina? What does Shar mean in Albanian?

6. Troy = Troje (pluaral) > Truall (sing.) which means 'land'.

How do you know what Troy meant? Is it recorded anywhere?

2. Bardulis is without doubt a pure Albanian name that is composed of two-words: Bardh(ė) + Yll = The white star.

It does look very similar, and the etymology is plausible. However, there are other examples that can be cited which also look similar, such as the previously mentioned Bardhe for 'beard'.