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- Czech historian Konstantin Josef Jireček (1918) considered that the population of Duklja was a very mixed population of newly arrived Slavs and older people like Albanians and Romanians. Croatian historian Milan Šufflay (1925–1927) considered that the Vlach-Albanian-Montenegrin symbiosis is seen in the etymology of the names, in Piperi, Moguši, Kuči, and the surnames with suffix "-ul" (Gradul, Radul, Serbul, Vladul), and toponymical names of mountains, Durmitor and Visitor.
- Croatian linguist Petar Skok (1918–1919) while researching 15th-century Ragusan documents, noted that in the territory of Žabljak and Stolac there existed a specific domain called donji Vlasi or Vlachi inferiores ("lower Vlachs"), and that thus somewhere there had to exist a gornji Vlasi ("upper Vlachs"), not mentioned in documents; he believed it could have been located in today's Katunska nahija in Montenegro, to which probably referred catunos/catuni Cernagore from 1435.
- Jovan Erdeljanović spoke of the amalgamation of Serbs (Slavs) and Vlachs, and noted that in the older phase of forming of Dinaric tribes, the Serb and Serbicized native brotherhoods united into a tribal unit under one name.
- Montenegrin ethnologist Petar Šobajić stated that the first Slavic settlers in the area of Zeta mixed with local Romanized Illyrian natives and Slavicized them, though accepting the natives' tribal names (Španji*, Mataguži, Mataruge, Malonšići, Macure, Bukumiri, Kriči).
- Serbian historian Ivan Božić pointed out that Slavicization wasn't completed in the 15th century, and that contemporaries made clear distinction between Slavs and those who were Vlachs/Morlachs or included Vlach admixture, and also traced Vlach contribution in Montenegro.
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* The exact origin of Španji is not known. In popular memory, the Španji are the oldest inhabitants and are often associated with the Romans. In some legends, the Romans and the Španji are one people, while part of the scientific community considers them a branch of the Illyrian peoples.
Small Vlach church in the old capital of Montenegro, Centinje. Dating from around 1450. The church was built around 1450 on the site of Bogumils' necropolis, which had around 150 stećci (monumental, ornate tombstones).
- Croatian linguist Petar Skok (1918–1919) while researching 15th-century Ragusan documents, noted that in the territory of Žabljak and Stolac there existed a specific domain called donji Vlasi or Vlachi inferiores ("lower Vlachs"), and that thus somewhere there had to exist a gornji Vlasi ("upper Vlachs"), not mentioned in documents; he believed it could have been located in today's Katunska nahija in Montenegro, to which probably referred catunos/catuni Cernagore from 1435.
- Jovan Erdeljanović spoke of the amalgamation of Serbs (Slavs) and Vlachs, and noted that in the older phase of forming of Dinaric tribes, the Serb and Serbicized native brotherhoods united into a tribal unit under one name.
- Montenegrin ethnologist Petar Šobajić stated that the first Slavic settlers in the area of Zeta mixed with local Romanized Illyrian natives and Slavicized them, though accepting the natives' tribal names (Španji*, Mataguži, Mataruge, Malonšići, Macure, Bukumiri, Kriči).
- Serbian historian Ivan Božić pointed out that Slavicization wasn't completed in the 15th century, and that contemporaries made clear distinction between Slavs and those who were Vlachs/Morlachs or included Vlach admixture, and also traced Vlach contribution in Montenegro.
URL:
* The exact origin of Španji is not known. In popular memory, the Španji are the oldest inhabitants and are often associated with the Romans. In some legends, the Romans and the Španji are one people, while part of the scientific community considers them a branch of the Illyrian peoples.
Small Vlach church in the old capital of Montenegro, Centinje. Dating from around 1450. The church was built around 1450 on the site of Bogumils' necropolis, which had around 150 stećci (monumental, ornate tombstones).
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